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Intrinsic behavioural parameters of autonomous objects based on motion
LONHUS, Kirill
This thesis outlines quantitative behaviour analysis methods. In laboratory conditions, the video tracking-based methods are the best, and thus they are investigated in depth. Methods of image acquisition, physical camera calibration, and spectral image reconstruction are intensively discussed in the author's articles, which are included in the thesis. Software solution for individualized object tracking was developed and applied to aquarium fish. Causality networks were introduced, investigated, and applied to multiple agent data of swimming fish. The networks highlighted school hierarchy, allowed to mine individual parameters of agents, and achieve the primary goal of the thesis -- how individual behaviour manifests itself in collective behaviour.
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The Naturalization of Consciousness and the Meaning of Subjectivity
Toráčová, Pavla ; Moural, Josef (advisor) ; Hill, James (referee) ; Marvan, Tomáš (referee)
The thesis deals with the problem of the existence of consciousness in the physical world. It denies the approach that is prevailing in the contemporary philosophy of mind that treats the phenomenal consciousness and intentionality separately. The position held in this thesis is to claim that the phenomenal character of consciousness and intentionality are inseparable and that it is impossible to understand the former without understanding the latter, and vice versa. The problem of the existence of consciousness in the physical world is viewed as the problem of the existence of (conscious) intentionality in the physical world. With the aim to achieve an analysis of intentionality that would keep its phenomenal character and the first person point of view, and, at the same time, shed light on its realization in the physical world, thoughts of Peter Strawson, G. E. M. Anscombe, Tim Crane, Colin McGinn and John Searle are discussed. The result is an outline of intentionality that allows to explain the fundamental level of intentionality as a physical process and the higher levels of intentionality as a development of the fundamental level. Two principles are crucial for this approach: the development of intentionality from the fundamental level to the higher level is comprehensible only if we keep the...
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International interventions - the cause of suicide terrorism?
Tesařová, Šárka ; Kofroň, Jan (advisor) ; Ditrych, Ondřej (referee)
This diploma thesis aims to explore whether international intervention can be the main cause of suicide terrorism. To determine this causal relation between suicide terrorism and international intervention, it tests Robert Pape's nationalist theory. The research sample of the cases of Afghanistan, Iraq, Pakistan, and Palestine was selected based on the Suicide Terrorism Attack database. The thesis applies the empirical-analytical methodology and the method of multiple case study to confirm or refute the validity of the research hypotheses. The outcome of the thesis is that the main trigger for a suicide terrorist campaign is a significantly stronger adversary, a social climate conducive to self- sacrifice, and an individual sense of hopelessness. The presence of international intervention fulfils all these features, but the theory has its limits - an exclusive focus on foreign intervention and state centrality.
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Prerequisites for damage compensation liability
Kudláček, Michael ; Šustek, Petr (advisor) ; Thöndel, Alexandr (referee)
This rigorous thesis deals with the delict law sector which concerns prerequisites under which the infringer has the obligation to compensate the damage to the aggrieved. The damage must occur under the causal relation with the illegal act of the infringer which must usually be also based on fault. Main chapters copy these basic prerequisites of this thesis. The basis of this content can be found in the civil code. As wrongful is regarded such act that contradicts the law and order norms. In the civil code context it applies mainly to the breach of good manners, absolute right infringement, protective rules violation, as well as breach of contract. The mutual relation between act and consequence must be connected with a causal link. This prerequisite splits into two relatively independent parts, thus factual (causality) and legal (imputability). Causality stems from natural patterns of existence and tries to describe them. The condition theory (conditio sine qua non) is dominant here and according to it, causal connection is present between a particular act and consequence when the consequence would not have arisen but for the act. Imputability deals with a concrete case by the method of justice and political consideration. The means which help to find out imputability, are the adequacy theory and...
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David Hume's analysis of causality
Pakandl, Martin ; Rybák, David (advisor) ; Hauser, Michael (referee)
This diploma thesis is focused on David Hume's analysis of causality. The two major philosophical works about this topic are A Treatise of Human Nature and Enquiries concerning Human Understanding. The first chapter is about intellectual background which Hume came from when he is dealing with cause-effect problem. At that time there were two main epistemological theories: rationalism and empirism. Both will be discuss there. The next chapter is about Hume's way of thinking about human understanding. This chapter is important for us beacuse there are many terms which will be useful for understanding causality. Crucial role plays The Theory of Ideas, according to each content of a mind has a source in experience. The first perceptions are called impresions and their copies are called ideas. Ideas are processed by memory and imagination. There are two categories of contents of human understanding: relations of ideas and matters of facts. We will focus on matters of facts because they are based on causality. Hume as a empirist is searching for a source of idea of causality in our experience. He finds out that we cant find it in objects of our minds themselves, but is based on relations among them. These relations are: contiguity, constant conjunction, priority of time in the cause before the effect and...
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International interventions - the cause of suicide terrorism?
Tesařová, Šárka ; Kofroň, Jan (advisor) ; Ditrych, Ondřej (referee)
This diploma thesis aims to explore whether international intervention can be the main cause of suicide terrorism. To determine this causal relation between suicide terrorism and international intervention, it tests Robert Pape's nationalist theory. The research sample of the cases of Afghanistan, Iraq, Pakistan, and Palestine was selected based on the Suicide Terrorism Attack database. The thesis applies the empirical-analytical methodology and the method of multiple case study to confirm or refute the validity of the research hypotheses. The outcome of the thesis is that the main trigger for a suicide terrorist campaign is a significantly stronger adversary, a social climate conducive to self- sacrifice, and an individual sense of hopelessness. The presence of international intervention fulfils all these features, but the theory has its limits - an exclusive focus on foreign intervention and state centrality.
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Causality and Intervention in Business Process Management
Bína, V. ; Jiroušek, Radim
The paper presents an algebraic approach to the modeling of causality in systems of stochastic variables. The methodology is based on an operator of a composition that provides the possibility of composing a multidimensional distribution from low-dimensional building blocks taking advantage of the dependence structure of the problem variables. The authors formally define and demonstrate on a hypothetical example a surprisingly elegant unifying approach to conditioning by a single variable and the evaluation of the effect of an intervention. Both operations are realized by the composition with a degenerated distribution and differ only in the sequence in which the operator of the composition is performed.
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Causes of Effects and Effects of Causes
Zemánková, Lucie ; Maciak, Matúš (advisor) ; Antoch, Jaromír (referee)
The thesis deals with an associative and causal relationship between two different random phenomena and presents basic statistical methods for investigation of these relationships. Firstly it focuses on demonstrating the association between phenomena and shows that finding a causal relation between phenomena requires appropriate randomization of the system or intervention in the system. After intervening in the system, it is no longer possible to observe all situations, so-called counterfactual observation, but the causal relationship can still be demonstrated using appropriate technical procedures and theoretical assumptions. The thesis further summarizes different ways of representation of causal structures, first by means of graphs, where basic methods of estimating the causal structure are presented, and later by structural equations that already capture the quantitative measure of causal relations.
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